ELK日志收集系统

elk logback 日志
日志
发布日期:   2021-06-14

ELK日志收集系统

1.系统架构

gymqG8.png

1.1 系统组成

  1. Logstash：一款轻量级的、开源的日志收集处理框架
    • 可以方便的把分散的、多样化的日志搜集起来
    • 并进行自定义过滤分析处理
    • 最后传输到指定的位置
  2. Elasticsearch：实时的分布式搜索和分析引擎
    • 主要用于全文搜索，结构化搜索以及分析
    • 实时搜索，实时分析
    • 分布式架构、实时文件存储，并将每一个字段都编入索引
    • 接口友好，支持JSON
  3. Kibana：开源的数据分析可视化平台
    • 主要用于数据进行高效的搜索、可视化汇总和多维度分析
    • 可以与Elasticsearch搜索引擎之中的数据进行交互
    • 基于浏览器的界面操作可以快速创建动态仪表板
    • 实时监控ElasticSearch的数据状态与更改

1.2 流程说明

  1. 日志收集处理：Logstash部署在各个节点上搜集相关日志、数据，并经过分析、过滤后发送给远端服务器上的Elasticsearch进行存储
  2. 日志存储检索：Elasticsearch再将数据以分片的形式压缩存储，并提供多种API供用户查询、操作
  3. 日志可视化分析：通过Kibana Web直观的对日志进行查询，并根据需求生成数据报表

gyuiTI.png

2.系统搭建

2.1 参考资料

2.2 微服务集成Logstash

添加依赖

  • pom.xml
<!-- 集成logstash -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
</dependency>

应用配置

  • application.yml
logging:
  level:
    root: info
    com.kkb: debug
  file:
    path: /var/logs

日志配置

  • logback-spring.xml

配置文件详解：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration>
<configuration>
    <!--引用默认日志配置-->
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml"/>
    <!--使用默认的控制台日志输出实现-->
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/console-appender.xml"/>
    <!--从spring中获取配置应用名称-->
    <springProperty scope="context" name="APP_NAME" source="spring.application.name" defaultValue="springBoot"/>
    <!--从spring中获取配置日志保存路径-->
    <springProperty scope="context" name="LOG_FILE_PATH" source="logging.file.path"/>

    <!--DEBUG日志输出到文件-->
    <appender name="FILE_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--输出DEBUG以上级别日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <!--设置为默认的文件日志格式-->
            <pattern>${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/debug/${APP_NAME}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小，超过就重新生成文件，默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数，默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-30}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!--ERROR日志输出到文件-->
    <appender name="FILE_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--只输出ERROR级别的日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <!--设置为默认的文件日志格式-->
            <pattern>${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/error/${APP_NAME}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小，超过就重新生成文件，默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数，默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-90}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- DEBUG日志格式化输出到ELK文件目录下-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--输出级别的日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "kkb-project",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "print_time": "%date{\"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss,SSSZ\"}",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message",
                        "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文件的路径及文件名 -->
        <file>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-debug.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-debug-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小，超过就重新生成文件，默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数，默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-90}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- ERROR日志输出到ELK文件目录下-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--输出级别的日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "kkb-project",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "print_time": "%date{\"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss,SSSZ\"}",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message",
                        "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文件的路径及文件名 -->
        <file>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-error.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-error-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小，超过就重新生成文件，默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数，默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-90}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!-- 接口访问日志输出到ELK文件目录下-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_RECORD" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "kkb-project",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "print_time": "%date{\"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss,SSSZ\"}",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!-- 正在记录的日志文件的路径及文件名 -->
        <file>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-record.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/elklogs/${APP_NAME}-record-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log.gz</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小，超过就重新生成文件，默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数，默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-90}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>

    <!--框架内部日志输出配置：未指定appender，则自动继承root节点中定义的appender-->
    <logger name="org.slf4j" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="springfox" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="io.swagger" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.hibernate.validator" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="com.alibaba.nacos.client.naming" level="INFO"/>

    <!--根日志记录器配置：logger输出日志配置-->
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="FILE_ERROR"/>
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_ERROR"/>
    </root>

    <!--接口访问日志记录器配置：-->
    <logger name="com.kkb.project.common.log.WebLogAspect" level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_RECORD"/>
    </logger>

</configuration>

2.3 ELK环境搭建

1.参考资料

2.拉取镜像

docker pull elasticsearch:7.6.2
docker pull kibana:7.6.2
docker pull logstash:7.6.2

3.elasticsearch部署

创建容器
docker run -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name elasticsearch \
-e "discovery.type=single-node" \
-e "cluster.name=elasticsearch" \
-v /home/elasticsearch/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins \
-v /home/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data \
-d elasticsearch:7.6.2
安装分词器IKAnalyzer
docker exec -it elasticsearch /bin/bash
# 此命令需要在容器中运行
elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.6.2/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.6.2.zip
docker restart elasticsearch
验证ElasticSearch
  • Linux
curl -XGET localhost:9200
  • windows
# 浏览器访问
http://192.168.211.110:9200
  • 结果示例
{
  "name" : "d72c19c6bf40",
  "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",
  "cluster_uuid" : "0TuvBwtZSsWzfR-sMDzQKw",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

4.kibana部署

创建容器
docker run --name kibana -p 5601:5601 \
--link elasticsearch \
-e "elasticsearch.hosts=http://elasticsearch:9200" \
-d kibana:7.6.2

5.logstash部署

1.环境准备
  • 创建目录及文件
mkdir -p /mydata/logstash/config          
touch /mydata/logstash/config/logstash.conf
  • 配置logstash.conf
input {
  file{
    path => [ "/var/logs/**/*-debug.log" ]
    codec=>json
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "debug"
  }
  file{
    path => [ "/var/logs/**/*-error.log" ]
    codec=>json
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "error"
  }
  file{
    path => [ "/var/logs/**/*-record.log" ]
    codec=>json
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "record"
  }
}

filter {
  date{
    match => [ "print_time" , "ISO8601" ]
    target => "@timestamp"
  }
  mutate{
    remove_field => ["@version","print_time","fields","host","log","prospector","tags"]
  }
  if [type] == "record" {
      json {
        source => "message"
        remove_field => ["message"]
      }
    }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["elasticsearch:9200"]
    index => "kkb-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
  }
}
2.创建容器
docker run -p 5045:5045 -p 9600:9600 --name logstash \
  --link elasticsearch \
  -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" \
  -v /mydata/logstash/config/logstash.conf:/usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.conf \
  -v /var/logs:/var/logs \
  -d logstash:7.6.2 -f /usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.conf

3.系统展示

g6nl38.png

文章作者: yolen
文章链接: https://yolenlew.github.io/2021/06/14/elk-ri-zhi-shou-ji-xi-tong-da-jian/
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特別声明外，均采用 CC BY 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来源 yolen !
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